Grammar
The New Dress
Summary of The New Dress Introduction "The New Dress" is Virginia Woolf's short story about Mabel Waring, who attends a social gathering wearing a new yellow dress. The writer’s technique of stream of consciousness allows us to peep into Mabel’s mind and follow her chain of thoughts. Mabel is wearing a yellow dress that she designed with her dressmaker specifically for this particular occasion. She has taken an image from an old fashion magazine from Paris and has spent countless hours with her dressmaker attempting to get the design just perfect for this social gathering, where she wishes to make an image of perfection of herself. to the Party On receiving an invitation from Mrs. Clarissa Dalloway, Mabel prepares to attend the party. She spends hours with the dressmaker to choose a dress. After much thought and elaborate discussion, she decides on a yellow dress. But as soon as she enters the party, a sense of self-doubt takes such a strong grip over her mind that she keeps wondering whether or not she looks good enough. The Beginning of the Doubt Mabel believes that to be fashionable in London society requires a good fortune. She believes she can never be fashionable. As soon as she enters Mrs Dalloway’s house, she meets Mrs. Barnet. Mabel interprets the look on her face to be a look of disapproval of Mabel’s dress. Her confidence is shaken and on being greeted by the host of the party, Mabel grows more suspicious of her decision of wearing that dress. A final look into the mirror confirms that Mabel looks unfashionable and that her dress is not appropriate. Mabel’s Past Life Worrying so much over a dress seems a trivial matter until we get a peep into Mabel’s mind. Her thoughts reveal that her past life has not been easy. Mabel’s lack of confidence and her excessive self consciousness begin to make sense when we get to know the kind of childhood she had. Money had always been scarce in her childhood and her family had struggled to make the two ends meet. A series of misfortune had aggravated the troubles of her poor family. Due to this, Mabel had never had an access to the high fashion of the society. Mabel’s married life had not made things any better and she lives in a small house with her husband Hubert and their two kids. They have no maids and can only afford bare minimum food. The Cause of Mabel’s Insecurities Mabel’s modest family background explains the sense of inferiority that constantly troubles her. However, she remains aware of the fact that the opinions of others or their approval should not be a matter of her concern. Despite knowing that she lacks conviction, she fails to free herself from the inferiority complex. This is because she has deeply ingrained the class differences that mark certain people as superior to others. She nevertheless tries hard to fit in into the high fashion society of Mrs Dalloway, but fails miserably. The Fly in the Saucer Mabel likens her condition to that of a fly trapped in a saucer. As much as she detests this image, it is stuck in her mind. She remembers having read it somewhere and the image of a fly trying to crawl over the edge of a saucer now seems like her own situation. Due to a lack of self-worth, she pictures herself as a poor, miserable fly while the other people at the party seem to her to be dragonflies, butterflies or beautiful insects. Mabel is so consumed by her insecurities that she sees herself as inferior to everyone. Mabel’s Need for Validation Dressed in her pale yellow silk dress, Mabel grows highly unsure and begins to suspect that people are mocking at her. She therefore initiates conversations with some people in hopes of getting a compliment or validation. Her anxieties are further heightened by guests like Charles Burt. Rose Shaw’s words of praise seem pretence to Mabel. All praise seems mere pretence to her. Every compliment she receives is dismissed by her as merely an act of politeness. Seeing Charles Burt and Rose Shaw engaged in a conversation, Mabel assumes they are making fun of her yellow dress. She is further disconcerted by Mrs Holman who approaches her but talks only of her children’s ailments. The Yellow Dot Seated uneasily on a blue sofa, Mabel sees her reflection in a mirror. She sees herself as a yellow dot. This is the result of a complete absence of regard for herself and her worth, that makes her see herself reduced to mere dot. Her diminshed reflection in the mirror symbolises the incompetent and worthless person that Mabel has reduced herself to. By constantly overthinking and doubting, she has begun to consider herself inferior to others like Rose Shaw or Mrs. Dalloway. She believes that she is an unsatisfactory mother and a wobbly wife. Mabel’s Resolution After a chain of conflicted thoughts trouble her during the party, she resolves to be a changed person and transform her life for better. But very soon, the determination fades away. Wrapped in her old Chinese cloak, Mabel Waring leaves the party early. Conclusion Mabel’s insecurities stem as much from her self-conscious thoughts as from her low social standing. She constantly feels out of place during parties but keeps attempting to fit in. She leads an unsatisfactory life at home and considers herself worthless. This is a woman trapped in the modern dilemma of identity. She dwells so much on her dress and cares too much for the opinions of others about herself. Thus, Mabel Waring is an unfortunate figure who is the victim of her obsessive thoughts. She desperately tries to elevate herself to the social standing of the high class but fails. She is an alienated, lonely figure who is a victim of her own thoughts and of the class differences that she tries to efface. Click to contact us 9822716201 arsodyogiraj@gmail.com 4, Dewkinandan, Shinde
Novel 4.4
Describe in brief the importance of the places (a) London Ans: Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Watson, Miss Mary Morstan, and the anonymous sender of the letter − all live in London. Though there are references about India in the extract, but most of the events happen in London where two different sides of London have been shown first is fashionable like Lyceum Theatre frequented by the wealthy crowd and the unfashionable suburban Landon, lined with dull brick houses and third rate two-storied villas. Finally the story ends up in London. (B) Lyceum Theatre Ans: The Lyceum Theatre is important in the extract because the anonymous sender of the pearls requests Miss Mary Morstan to meet with him at the third pillar from the left outside the Lyceum Theatre. This is the place that promises to unfold the mystery of the anonymous sender and reveal the story of how Mary is a “wronged woman”. It is a fashionable area of London where wealthy people frequently visit. (C) Edinburgh Ans: Mary Morstan’s father was an officer in an Indian regiment. He sent Mary to England when she was still a child. As a motherlesschild who had no relatives in England, Mary was placed in a comfortable boarding establishment in Edinburgh, where she lived till she was seventeen. This place is important because Mary Morstan, one of the major characters in the story, spent her childhood there. (D) Agra Ans: Though there is no direct mention of Agra in this particular extract, but the treasure due to which all the actions occurs in the story comes from Agra. The pearls that Mary receives, are from a chaplet that was a part of the Agra treasure and the piece of paper that Mary gives to Holmes is the blueprint of the Agra Fort, where the treasure had been hidden. (E) Andaman Islands Ans: The Andaman Islands are referred twice in the given extract − once when Mary reveals that her father, Captain Morstan, was one of the officers in Andaman Islands; and the second time when she discloses that Major Sholto, her father’s friend, was also in the Andaman Islands. In the context of the novel, the Andaman Islands are vital to the story. New The New Dress Novel 4.4 History in today 6 Dec Click to contact us 9822716201 arsodyogiraj@gmail.com 4, Dewkinandan, Shinde Plots, Yavatmal. Whatsapp Us Follow Us Thanks for Visiting
History in today 6 Dec
1732 Warren Hastings, the first Governor General of the East India Company, was born. 1877 Washington Post publishes 1st edition 1882 Atmosphere of Venus detected during transit 1897 London becomes the world's first city to host licenced taxicabs 1907 The first incident of dacoity related to India's freedom struggle took place at Chingaripota railway station. 1912 China votes for universal human rights. 1929 Turkey introduces female suffrage. (Right to vote) 1956 Constitution builder Dr. Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar died. 1956 Randhir Singh Gentle scores the winner as India beats Pakistan, 1-0 in the Melbourne Olympics field hockey final to win it's 6th consecutive gold medal in the sport 1957 1st US attempt to launch a satellite fails-Vanguard rocket blows up 1967 USSR performs nuclear test at Sary Shagan USSR 1984 France performs nuclear test 1987 MiG-29 joined the Indian Air Force, renamed 'Baz'. 1988 Nelson Mandela is transferred to Victor Vester Prison, Capetown 1992 Babri Masjid in Ayodhya was demolished by fierce Hindu kar sevaks. After this, riots broke out in many states of India. 2006 NASA reveals photographs taken by Mars Global Surveyor suggesting the presence of liquid water on Mars 2020 US President Donald Trump orders about 700 troops withdrawn from Somalia 2022 There are many such incidents which we probably do not remember. What events have happened in the history to this day. How was history today? What happened history today? What happened today history? How was the history to date? Have tried to talk about this. Next Click to contact us 9822716201 arsodyogiraj@gmail.com 4, Dewkinandan, Shinde Plots, Yavatmal. Whatsapp Us Follow Us Thanks for Visiting
Important Historical events of 5th December
Years Events 1955 The STD service that provides long distance telephone calls to every home came into existence on this day in 1955. 1971 India recognized Bangladesh as a country 1950 Freedom fighter and philosopher yogi Arvind Ghosh died in Puducherry 1999 Yukta Mukhi took the title of Miss World to her name 1950 Sikkim became the protected state of india 1657 Shah Jahan's younger son Murad proclaimed himself king 1969 The birth of Anjali Bhagwat , The famous shooter 1931 Gandhiji leaves England for India 2000 Postal staff go on nationwide indefinite strike which the government termed as illigal 1901 The birth of Walt Disney HSC Examination Countdown! DaysHoursMinutesSeconds 9822716201 arsodyogiraj@gmail.com 4, Dewkinandan, Shinde Plots, Yavatmal. Latest Posts History in today 6 Dec Important Historical events of 5th December The Sign of Four Around the World In Eighty Days To Sir With Love – 2 Elementor #2155 To Sir With Love Mahatma Jyotiba Phule confusing words – 6 confusing words – 5
The Sign of Four
Describe the characters 1] Describe the character of Mary Morstan from Dr. Watson’s point of view. Ans: Mary Morstan and Dr. Watson meet each other the first time when she comes to take the help of Sherlock Holmes in a case. Dr. Watson describes Mary as very young attractive woman with a deep, rich-toned voice, graceful, well-gloved lady. who is impeccably dressed in a sober, greyish, pale plain and simple dress with a dull turban that has a white feather on the side which suggests that she is a woman of limited means. Her aspects of face are not regular and her complexion is not bright, but her expression is sweet and friendly and her large blue eyes are remarkably spiritual and sympathetic. Dr. Watson even describes her emotional state of mind as agitated, because he witnesses her lip tremble and her hand quiver as she takes her seat. Dr. Watson finds Mary is not feeling uneasy about her strange situation, but she displays perfect self-control driving to the Lyceum Theatre. 2] Sherlock Holmes is the leading character in the extract. Explain. Ans: The main character in the novel is the private detective, Sherlock Holmes. He is presented through the viewpoint of his friend, Dr John Watson, the narrator of the story. At the beginning of the extract, Miss Mary Morstan comes to meet Sherlock Holmes with a case. Through her conversation with Holmes and during their conversation Dr. Watson wants to leave from there so that she does not feel an embarrassing one and after listening to Miss Morstan’s story, Holmes is the one who questions her further. This helps the reader understand Holmes’ importance in the extract, It shows, Holmes is the leading character in the extract. 3] Dr. Watson, the narrator, is one of the major characters in the novel. Illustrate Ans: Dr. Watson is the narrator of the story and Sherlock Holmes’ loyal assistant. He is a doctor by profession whose insightful narration helps the readers experience the story through his eyes. He is the second-most important character in the story, after Holmes. This is because he helps Holmes to understand the sensitive aspects of situations, which is not Holmes’ strong suit (side). All the qualities attributed to Dr. Watson, along with his relationship to the protagonist, Sherlock Holmes, and his narrative viewpoint, make him one of the major characters in the novel. 4] Holmes is always one step ahead of Dr. Watson in solving cases. Elucidate. Ans: There’s no example in the extract where Watson is superior to Holmes. Mostly Watson stands back and watches admiringly and helps him to solve the case. Holmes’ intellectual skills can be witnessed when he deciphers (decode) the piece of paper that Miss Morstan gives him in the carriage and also when he is able to name every place the carriage passes through, despite not knowing the intended destination. His ability to rise above the fear and anxiety felt by an ordinary person in a tense situation sets him apart and gives him the power to look at the situation than Watson. On the other hand, though Dr. Watson is a keen observer, he is no match for Sherlock Holmes. His analytical skills are not as refined as Sherlock’s. Unlike Holmes, Dr. Watson does not treat the clients as mere units or factors. This is why Holmes is always one step ahead of Dr. Watson in solving cases. Summary of the Novel The Sign of the Four begins at the Baker Street home of the infamous detective, Sherlock Holmes, and his assistant, Dr. John Watson. Holmes is a little bored, having no case to work on, and is injecting himself with cocaine—Watson disapproves of this bad habit. Soon enough, the beautiful Miss Mary Morstan arrives at the flat asking for Holmes’ help. She outlines her case. Her father, Captain Morstan, had been an officer in the British Army and was stationed in India; she was at boarding school in Scotland. Ten years ago, he came back on leave, but as soon as he arrived in London he disappeared without a trace. A few years ago, she started receiving pearls in the mail once a year after answering an advert in the paper calling for her address. The pearl she has recently received came with a note, instructing her to go to the Lyceum Theater in London’s West End that evening, where somebody will come to meet her. Holmes and Watson agree to accompany her. Throughout Miss Morstan’s story, Watson can’t help but admire her. Later that evening, Holmes, Watson and Miss Morstan head to the meeting point. On their way, Miss Morstan shows Holmes a paper she found in her father’s desk. It appears to be a map, with a red cross drawn on it. Beside the cross, the paper reads: “the sign of the four – Jonathan Small, Mahomet Singh, Abdullah Khan, Dost Akbar.” At the Lyceum Theater a carriage is waiting for them and takes them to the house of the anxious Thaddeus Sholto, the son of Major Sholto, who was Captain Morstan’s friend and colleague in India. Thaddeus explains that Captain Morstan is dead; he died from a heart attack when arguing with Major Sholto about the Agra treasure. Thaddeus explains that this treasure, part of which he says is rightfully is Miss Morstan’s, is an immense collection of jewels. His father fell ill a few years previously after receiving a letter from India that caused him a great shock. Thaddeus notes that his father had a fear of men with wooden legs. On his deathbed, Major Sholto was about to reveal the location of the Agra treasure when a bearded man appeared at the window; the shock killed Major Sholto. The next day, Thaddeus and his brother, Bartholomew, discovered that Sholto’s belongings had been searched and a note reading “the sign of the four” was left on the body. Just before he died, Major Sholto instructed his sons to share some
Around the World In Eighty Days
Summary of Around the World in Eighty Days On Around the World in Eighty Days tells the story of Phileas Fogg, an Englishman living in the Victorian Era who bets £20,000 that he can circle the globe in exactly eighty days. Fogg is an extremely wealthy man with eccentric habits—he has no family or close relationships yet is extremely generous with strangers, and he abides by a strict, repetitive schedule that he keeps track of on an intricate clock in his mansion. He spends every day at the exclusive Reform Club social organization, where he dines extravagantly, reads newspapers, and bets on games of whist with his similarly wealthy acquaintances. Due to Fogg’s reclusive, solitary nature, no one knows much about him despite his public reputation of being knowledgeable, worldly, and gentlemanly. On October 2nd, 1872, Fogg hires a new servant named Jean Passepartout. Passepartout is a Parisian man who once led an adventurous life as a vagrant and performer, and now longs for the same calm, routinized life that Fogg leads. That evening, Fogg plays whist with his usual partners at the Reform Club: Andrew Stuart, Gauthier Ralph, John Sullivan, Samuel Fallentin, and Thomas Flanagan. The men get into a discussion about a recent robbery at the Bank of England by a “well-to-do” gentleman and theorize about whether or not he will be able to evade authorities by leaving the country. This conversation eventually leads to Stuart betting £4,000 that it is impossible for a man to go around the world in eighty days. Fogg impulsively counters with a £20,000 wager that he himself can complete this challenge, which Stuart and the other men agree to. Fogg leaves immediately to pack and make the 8:45 P.M. train, taking a bemused Passepartout along with him. Fogg’s itinerary has him traveling from London to Paris, Suez, Calcutta, Hong Kong, Yokohama, San Francisco, New York, and back to London. He must meet his friends back at the Reform Club precisely eighty days later on December 21st at 8:45 P.M. in order to win the wager. Detective Fix, an inspector from the Scotland Yard, trails Fogg and Passepartout to Suez. Due to Fogg’s sizable fortune, strange habits, and hasty departure from England, Fix believes that he is the very bank robber that Fogg and his acquaintances were discussing at the Reform Club. He must wait for a warrant to arrive in order to legally arrest Fogg in British territory (England, India, Hong Kong, or Yokohama) and becomes acquainted with Passepartout in an effort to gain information about Fogg. Neither Fogg nor Passepartout are aware of his suspicions, instead remaining focused solely on the wager. Throughout their journey, Fogg is calm and logical at all times, but meticulously tracks the time they lose and gain due to unforeseen obstacles. Passepartout falls into a similar obsession with time, cursing every delay they face and refusing to change his watch away from London time. One such obstacle occurs when they reach India—Fogg, Passepartout, and their newfound acquaintance Sir Francis Cromarty are forced to traverse the undeveloped jungle because their train is halted by an unfinished track. They resort to riding on an elephant led by a helpful guide and stop to save a young Indian woman named Aouda from a sacrificial religious ceremony along the way, a gesture that Fogg and his companions agree is well worth the delay. In Hong Kong, Fix reunites with Fogg, Passepartout, and Aouda. He decides to get Passepartout intoxicated on alcohol and opium in order to make them miss the steamer to Yokohama (the last British territory they will visit before moving onto the United States) and to bide more time for the arrest warrant to arrive. Though they are temporarily separated and delayed, Fogg is able to pay a pilot-boat captain named John Bunsby to get him to his destination, and Passepartout manages to navigate Yokohama on his own. They are reunited by chance at an acrobatic show in Yokohama, and Fix does not receive his warrant in time to arrest Fogg. From there, Fogg, Passepartout, Aouda, and Fix all travel to the United States, where they cross the country from San Francisco to New York by train. By this time, Fix has begun to warm up to Fogg’s generosity and endearingly stoic nature, though he is still motivated by a sense of duty to arrest him once they reach England. Passepartout and Aouda, too, have developed love and reverence for Fogg, and vow to stay loyal to him not matter what. The group faces myriad challenges and delays throughout the long journey—most notably, their train is attacked by a band of Sioux in Nebraska and Passepartout is taken captive. Luckily, Fogg (with the help of soldiers from Fort Kearny) is able to save his loyal servant. In order to catch the train from Omaha to Chicago, Fogg, Passepartout, Aouda, and Fix must resort to riding on a sail-rigged sledge driven through the bitterly cold winter snow by an American named Mudge. They make the train on time and continue from Chicago onto New York, but realize that they missed the steamer to Liverpool, England once they arrive. On the Hudson River, Fogg pays Captain Andrew Speedy to bring him and his companions along on his trading vessel to Bordeaux. Once he is on board, Fogg bribes the crew to take Speedy hostage and commandeers the boat to sail to Liverpool. They nearly run out of coal, so he buys the boat from Speedy and burns it for fuel. They make it as far as Ireland and take a train to Liverpool, where Fix finally places Fogg under arrest. After a short stint imprisoned in the Custom House, Fix finds out that the real bank robber was apprehended three days prior; Fogg is released and orders a special train to London with Passepartout and Aouda. They arrive five minutes too late, however, and Fogg believes that he has lost the wager. Passepartout and Aouda go back with
To Sir With Love - 2
SETTING (i) Which event took place in the extract? Choose the correct one. Give reason/s to support your answer. (a) Annual Sports Day on November 15th (d) Annual Social and Cultural Gathering on November 15th (c) Half-yearly report of Students’ Council on November 15th (d) Farewell Programme on November 15th Ans: c) Half-yearly report of Students’ Council on November 15th The lines to support this: “The half-yearly report of the students council was on November 15th and was one of the important days in the calendar of Greenslade School.” (ii) The event in the extract was held at the _____. Choose the correct alternative. Give reason/s to support your answer. (a) Author’s house (b) Auditorium of the school (c) Market (d) Garden Ans: (b) auditorium of the school. The lines from extract to support: “A bell was rung at 10 am and every one trooped into the auditorium to sit together in classes.” (iii) The incidents in the extract occurred at a particular place. Explain the significance of that place in your own words. Ans: The incidents in the extract took place in the auditorium of Greenslade School. Since the major theme of the extract is student-teacher relationship, the school serves as the perfect setting. The students present their half-yearly reports and question the panel of teachers. Another aspect of the setting is the stage where they are taking active participation in their school. Finally, the stage also represents the perfect platform for the students to showcase their skills. (iv) Explain how the setting of the extract contributes to the theme of the novel. Ans: The teacher- students relationship is one of the most important theme of the novel. Racism is another theme. He describes here the school where the narrator felt difficult time with students. The students harassed him mentally. They were disrespectful and mischievous. The narrator tried to handle them peacefully with his novel techniques. He tolerated them and forgive. He used respectful words 'Miss' and 'sir'. There was shocking change in the behaviour of the students. It was observed on the day of Students Council. They performed confidently and cleverly. Thus the setting rightly contributes to the theme of the novel. Various traits of the major characters characters traits (qualities / विशेषता) Denham Bold, clever, Respectful, Confident Miss Phillips Calm, helpful, well- informed, clever, skillful Ferman Funny, dramatic, Confident, persuasive Potter Wise , intelligent , Knowledgeable, clear HSC Examination Countdown! DaysHoursMinutesSeconds 9822716201 arsodyogiraj@gmail.com 4, Dewkinandan, Shinde Plots, Yavatmal.
Elementor #2155
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X Board Examination […] Suspendisse potenti. Praesent ac sem eget est egestas volutpat. Fusce neque. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Morbi nec metus. Sed magna purus, fermentum eu, tincidunt eu, varius ut, felis. Phasellus leo dolor, tempus non, auctor et, hendrerit quis, nisi. Vestibulum volutpat pretium libero. Nullam accumsan lorem in dui. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. In consectetuer turpis ut velit. Phasellus leo dolor, tempus non, auctor et, hendrerit quis, nisi. Vivamus laoreet. Praesent ac massa at ligula laoreet iaculis. Cras non dolor. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Ut a nisl id ante tempus hendrerit. Morbi mattis ullamcorper velit. Nullam sagittis. Sed a libero. Donec mollis hendrerit risus. Curabitur ligula sapien, tincidunt non, euismod vitae, posuere imperdiet, leo. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Praesent egestas neque eu enim. 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To Sir With Love
HSC Examination Countdown! DaysHoursMinutesSeconds Students and their Subjects Students and their Subjects Potter — Arithmetic (Math) Sapiano — Nature Study Miss Pegg and Jackson — Geography Miss Dare and Fernman — Physiology (the branch of biology that deals with thenormal functions of living organisms and their parts.) Miss Dodd — History Denham — P.T. and Games Miss Joseph — Domestic Science Give a brief character-sketch of Denham Ans: Denham is one of the rude and disrespectful boys in Braithwaite's class. But Braithwaite's politeness and patience changed Denham into a responsible, respectful, mature, young man. This can be seen from his ability to host the Students' Council and giving respect to the senior girls as 'Miss'. He is a trained boxer. When he criticized the P.T and games, he receives the support from the other boys who cheer him from the audience. He confidently and respectfully questions on the need for the P.T. class. to Miss Phillips. Miss Joseph Ans: Miss Joseph is one of the senior girls in Braithwaite's class. A natural leader. Miss Joseph, along with Denham. is in charge of hosting the half-yearly report of the Students' Council. Besides helping in the organization of the event, Miss Joseph assigned the other students. She also delivers a short address outlining the purpose of the Students' Council activities. Miss Joseph also introduces her class' theme of the brotherhood and delivers her report on Domestic Science. with the utmost ease. The Narrator Ans: The narrator of the novel is the author, E.R. Braithwaite, himself. The novel is based on his real-life experiences, which particularly focuses on his life in England and his job as a teacher at Greenslade School after the Second World War. Before becoming a teacher, he worked as an engineer and even served in the Royal British Air Force during the war. Though he is British, he is a victim of racial discrimination because he is a black man. Because of his race, he has trouble finding employment as a teacher at Greenslade School, London. The school is famous for its badly behaved students, but he changes them by taking extra effort to improve his teaching skills and makes successful students. He is the perfect example of a good teacher. Miss Dare Ans: Miss Pamela Dare is one of the senior girls in Braithwaite's class. She presents a report on the subject of Physiology on the day of the half-yearly report with Fernman. Her report has no any such dramatic elements like Fernman, She outlines the problems of humanity of sickness and disease and states the benefits of exchanging knowledge. advice, and assistance among countries. Miss Phillips Ans: Miss Phillips is a teacher at Greenslade School and is one of three teachers to be chosen on the panel. The narrator describes her as an unintelligent woman. However, as the questioning begins, Miss Phillips proves that she is the best informed of the three. Despite being unprepared, she handles the questions with honesty She even helps the other teachers when she finds them struggling with the questions very skillfully. She answers carefully Denham and Fernman's blunt criticisms with her clever arguments and sweet tone. Her debate with Denham impressed students and the narrator who finally admires Miss Phillips. 9822716201 arsodyogiraj@gmail.com 4, Dewkinandan, Shinde Plots, Tilakwadi, Yavatmal.
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule
Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Born: 11 April, 1827 Place of Birth: Satara, Maharashtra Parents: Govindrao Phule (father) and Chimnabai (mother) Spouse: Savitri Phule Children: Yashwantrao Phule (adopted son) Education: Scottish Mission's High School, Pune; Associations: Satyashodhak Samaj Ideology: Liberal; Egalitarian; Socialism Religious Beliefs: Hinduism Publications: Tritiya Ratna (1855); Powada: Chatrapati Shivajiraje Bhosle Yancha (1869); Shetkarayacha Aasud (1881) Passed Away: 28 November, 1890 Memorial: Phule Wada, Pune, Maharashtra Jyotirao ‘Jyotiba’ Govindrao Phule was a prominent social reformer and thinker of the nineteenth century India. He led the movement against the prevailing caste-restrictions in India. He Mahatma Jyotiba Phule was also a pioneer for women education in India and fought for education of girls throughout his life. He is believed to be the first Hindu to start an orphanage for the unfortunate children. Childhood & Early Life Jyotirao Govindrao Phule was born in Satara district of Maharastra in 1827. His father, Govindrao was a vegetable-vendor at Poona. Jyotirao's father and uncles served as florists, so the family came to be known as `Phule'. Jyotirao's mother passed away when he was just nine months old. Jyotirao was an intelligent boy but due to the poor financial condition at home, he had to stop his studies at an early age. He started helping his father by working on the family's farm. Recognising the talent of the child prodigy, a neighbour persuaded his father to send him to school. In 1841, Jyotirao got admission in the Scottish Mission's High School, Poona, and completed his education in 1847. There, he met Sadashiv Ballal who remained his close friend throughout his life. At the age of just thirteen years, Jyotirao was married to Savitribai. Social Movements In 1848, an incident sparked off Jyotiba’s quest against the social injustice of caste discrimination and incited a social revolution in the Indian society. Jyotirao was invited to attend the wedding of one of his friends who belonged to an upper cast family. But at the wedding the relatives of the bridegroom insulted and abused Jyotiba when they came to know about his origins. Jyotirao left the ceremony and made up his mind to challenge the prevailing caste-system and social restrictions. After reading Thomas Paine's famous book 'The Rights of Man', Jyotirao was greatly influenced by his ideas. He believed that enlightenment of the women and lower caste people was the only solution to combat the social evils. Efforts Towards Women Education Jyotiba’s quest for providing women and girls with right to education was supported by his wife Savitribai Phule. One of the few literate women of the time, Savitribai was taught to read and write by her husband Jyotirao. In 1851, Jyotiba established a girls' school and asked his wife to teach the girls in the school. Later, he opened two more schools for the girls and an indigenous school for the lower castes. Jyotiba realised the pathetic conditions of widows and established an ashram for young widows and eventually became advocate of the idea of Widow Remarriage. Sometimes small girls were married to men much older. These girls often became widows and were left without any family support. Jyotiba was pained by their plight and established an orphanage in 1854 to shelter these unfortunate souls from perishing at the society’s cruel hands. Efforts Towards Elimination of Caste Discrimination Jyotirao opened his home to people from all castes and backgrounds. He was a believer in gender equality and he exemplified his beliefs by involving his wife in all his social reform activities. Many people accused him of acting on behalf of the Christian Missionaries. But Jyotirao was firm and decided to continue the movement. Interestingly, Jyotirao was supported by some friends who extended their support to make the movement successful. Satya Shodhak Samaj In 1873, Jyotiba Phule formed the Satya Shodhak Samaj (Society of Seekers of Truth). He undertook a systematic deconstruction of existing beliefs and history, only to reconstruct an equality promoting version. Membership to the Samaj was open to all irrespective of caste and class. Some written records suggest that they even welcomed participation of Jews as members of the Samaj and by 1876 the 'Satya Shodhak Samaj' boasted of 316 members. In 1868, Jyotirao decided to construct a common bathing tank outside his house to exhibit his embracing attitude towards all human beings and wished to dine with everyone, regardless of their caste. Death Jyotiba Phule devoted his entire life for the liberation of untouchables. Apart from being a social activist and reformer, he was also a businessman. He was also a cultivator and contractor for the Municipal Corporation. He served as Commissioner of the Poona Municipality between 1876 and 1883. Jyotiba suffered a stroke in 1888 and was rendered paralyzed. On 28 November, 1890, the great social reformer, Mahatma Jyotirao Phule, passed away. Published Works Jyotiba had penned a number of literary articles and books in his lifetime and most were based on his ideology of social reforms like the ‘Shetkarayacha Aasud’. He also penned some stories like ‘Tritiya Ratna’,. He wrote dramas like ‘Satsar’ Ank 1 and 2, which were enacted under his directives to spread awareness against social injustice. He also wrote books for the Satyashodhak Samaj . 9822716201 arsodyogiraj@gmail.com 4, Dewkinandan, Shinde Plots, Tilakwadi, Yavatmal