Why We Travel -Brainstorming (Questions and Answers.)

Extra Grammar Batch Will be on Sunday At 8.30 am
ii 🔴
Extra Grammar Batch Will be on Sunday At 8.30 am
ii 🔴

Vocabulary (Difficult words)

Initially (at first),
to lose (forget/खोजाणा/हरउन जाने)
to find (discover/realise)
accommodate (give information/make our mind).
to bring what little we can (increase our little knowledge),
globe – world
riches (valuable/ knowledgeable things) 
dispersed (distribute or spread over a wide area).
essence (spirit/interest),
get taken in (involve in it),
The beauty of this whole process (how we enjoy travelling)
George Santayana (सांतायाना) - great writer
lapidary (important/related)
“to escape (get free from)
solitudes (loneliness),
aimlessness (without purpose or direction:),
moral holiday (going is tough, or could turn tough at any moment/enjoying adventurous holiday)
hazard (risk),
compelled (force)
desperately (seriously)
no matter (it is of no importance)
connection (difference)
“travail,” (painful or laborious effort)
compassion (feeling/expectation)
obviously (clearly) 
uncaring (not feeling interest in or attaching importance to something);
blind (lacking perception, awareness, or judgement).
certainties (thoughts of the people)
light (way/ A way of presenting or perceiving something such that it appears differently to the way it would appear by an alternative presentation or perception),
from a crooked (out of ) angle.
fashionable (representing a current popular style) assumptions (a thing or thought without proof/information / धरणा)
Cuzco (कुज्को) - is a very famous city in south America 
sovereign (sovin/ supreme/ great)
whirls (move)
granted (to accept without question or objection)

The phrase "If a diploma can famously be a passport, a passport can be a diploma" means that while a diploma can open doors of opportunity of higher education or employment, a passport can also offer similar advantages by allowing one to travel and experience new places and new cultures. In other words, both a diploma and a passport can open the doors to new opportunities. This quote suggests that having a passport is as valuable as having a diploma or degree.

provisional (temporary)
provincial (small area)
universal (must be given a great importance).
complacencies (कम्प्लेसन्सी /आत्मसंतुष्टता/ feeling of quiet pleasure or security)
urgencies (importance),
dilemmas (a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives / दुविधा),
headlines (to get more information which we read in the newspaper).
Port-au-Prince (the capital and most populous city of Haiti.),
paving (a surface made up of flat stones laid in a pattern)
notions- idea / concept / opinion
rescuing – save
humanity – human nature
abstraction शून्यमनस्कता (the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events)

Lesson - 1.7 Why We Travel

We travel, initially (at first), to lose (forget/खोजाणा) ourselves; and we travel, next, to find (discover/realise) ourselves. We travel to open our hearts and eyes and learn more about the world than our Newspaper will accommodate (give information/make our mind). We travel to bring what little we can (increase our little knowledge), in our ignorance and knowledge, to those parts of the globe whose riches (valuable/ knowledgeable things) are differently dispersed (distribute or spread over a wide area). And we travel, in essence (spirit/interest), to become young fools again-to slow time down and get taken in (involve in it), and fall in love once more. The beauty of this whole process (how we enjoy travelling) was best described, perhaps, before people even took to frequent flying, by George Santayana (सांतायाना) in his lapidary (important/related) essay, “The Philosophy of Travel.” We “need sometimes,” the Harvard philosopher wrote, “to escape (get free from) into open solitudes (loneliness), into aimlessness (without purpose or direction:), into the moral holiday (going is tough, or could turn tough at any moment/enjoying adventurous holiday) of running some pure hazard (risk), in order to sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship, and to be compelled (force) to work desperately (seriously) for a moment at no matter (it is of no importance) what.”

Few of us ever forget the connection (difference) between “travel” and “travail,” (painful or laborious effort) Travel in that sense guides us toward a better balance of wisdom and compassion (feeling/expectation) - of seeing (66) the world clearly, and yet feeling it truly. For seeing without feeling can obviously (clearly) be uncaring (not feeling interest in or attaching importance to something); while feeling without seeing can be blind (lacking perception, awareness, or judgement). Yet for me the first great joy of travelling is simply the luxury of leaving all my beliefs and certainties (thoughts of the people) at home, and seeing everything I thought I knew in a different light (way/ A way of presenting or perceiving something such that it appears differently to the way it would appear by an alternative presentation or perception), and from a crooked (out of place) angle.

Though it’s fashionable (representing a current popular style) nowadays to draw a distinction between the “tourist” and the “traveler,” perhaps the real distinction lies between those who leave their assumptions (a thing or thought without proof/information / धरणा) at home, and those who don’t (leave assumptions). Among those who don’t, a tourist is just someone who complains, “Nothing here is the way it is at home,” while a traveler is one who grumbles, “Everything here is the same as it is in Cairo - or Cuzco (कुज्को) or Kathmandu.” It’s all very much the same.

But for the rest of us, the sovereign (sovin/ supreme/ great) freedom of travelling comes from the fact that it whirls (move) you around and turns you upside down, and stands everything you took for granted (to accept without question or objection) on its head. If a diploma can famously be a passport, a passport can be a diploma. [One can acquire permission (passport) to travel to foreign countries for educational purposes based on her academic achievements (diploma) and travelling to foreign countries enriches one the most regarding the knowledge and wisdom of the world.]
And the first lesson we learn on the road, whether we like it or not, is how provisional (temporary) and provincial (small area) are the things we imagine to be universal (must be given a great importance).

We travel, then, in part just to shake up (a complete change) our complacencies (कम्प्लेसन्सी /आत्मसंतुष्टता/(self-satisfaction) by seeing all the moral and political urgencies (need/importance), सर्व नैतिक आणि राजकीय आपत्कालीन परिस्थिती पाहून the life-and-death dilemmas (a situation in which a difficult choice has to be made between two or more alternatives / दुविधा/ इकडे आड तर तिकडे विहीर अशी स्थिती, पेच.), that we seldom have to face at home. And we travel to fill in the gaps left by tomorrow’s headlines (to get more information which we read in the newspaper). When you drive down the streets of Port-au-Prince (the capital and most populous city of Haiti.), for example, where there is almost no paving (a surface made up of flat stones laid in a pattern) your notions of the Internet and a “one world order” grow usefully revised(changed). Travel is the best way we have of rescuing the humanity (जगातील सर्व माणसे एक आहेत अशी कल्पना केलेला एक मानवी समूह; मानवजाती, मानवता.) of places, and saving them from abstraction (प्रत्यक्ष व्यक्ती, वस्तू किंवा परिस्थिती यांवर अवलंबून नसणारी सर्वसाधारण अशी कल्पना, निष्कर्ष.) (a general idea not based on any particular real person, thing or situation.) and ideology. विचारधारा

And in the process, we also get saved from abstraction ourselves, and come to see how much we can bring to the places we visit, and how much we can become a kind of carrier pigeon (a gullible person/ messanger) - an anti-Federal Express (a major American cargo airline), if you like - in transporting back and forth (to and fro/ around) what every culture needs. I find that I always take Michael Jordan (US basketball player) posters to Kyoto(an industrial city in central Japan), and bring woven ikebana (इकेबाना / the art of Japanese flower arrangement) baskets back to California.

But more significantly, we carry values and beliefs and news to the places we go, and in many parts of the world, we become walking video screens and living newspapers, the only channels that can take people out of the censored limits of their homelands. In closed or impoverished इम्पावरिश्ट (गरीब) places, like Pagan(पेगन) or Lhasa (the capital of Tibet) or Havana(the capital of Cuba,), we are the eyes and ears of the people we meet, their only contact with the world outside and, very often, the closest, quite literally, they will ever come to Michael Jackson or Bill Clinton. Not the least of the challenges of travel, therefore, is learning how to import - and export - dreams with tenderness (kindness).

By now all of us have heard (too often) the old Proust प्रोस्ट (French novelist) line about how the real voyage (a long journey involving travel by sea or in space) of discovery consists not in seeing new places but in seeing with new eyes (new vision). Yet one of the subtler (fine/nice) beauties of travel is that it enables you to bring (gives) new eyes to (see) the people you encounter (meet). Thus even as holidays help you appreciate (create importance about /be grateful for) your own home (in your eyes) more- not least by seeing it through a distant admirer’s eyes- they (people) help you bring newly appreciative-distant-eyes (अलग नजरिया) to the places you visit. You can teach (guide) them (people) what they have to celebrate as much as you celebrate what they (people) have to teach. This, I think, is how tourism, which so obviously destroys (नष्ट करणे) cultures, can also resuscitate (resusitet) (reconstruct) or revive them, how it has created new “traditional” dances in Bali, and caused craftsmen in India to pay new attention to their works.

Thus travel spins (turn/ move round ) us round in two ways at once: It shows us the sights and values and issues (problems) that we might ordinarily (normally) ignore; but it also, and more deeply, shows us all the parts of ourselves that might otherwise grow rusty (neglected/ of knowledge or a skill/ damaged by lack of recent practice). For in travelling to a truly foreign place, we inevitably (certainly /naturally) travel to moods and states of mind and hidden inward passages (transformation) that we’d otherwise seldom have cause to visit.

On the most basic level, when I’m in Tibet, though not a real Buddhist, I spend days on end in temples, listening to the chants of sutras. (मंत्र /A sutra is a short passage that contains powerful teaching. Think of them as sacred messages from ancient gurus, sages, and teachers of the age.) I go to Iceland (country in the North Atlantic) to visit the lunar spaces (problems/difficulties) within me, and, in the uncanny (strange) quietude (calmness) and emptiness (खालीपन) of that vast and treeless (lifeless) world, to tap (connect) parts of myself (Knowledge/ अंतर्दृष्टी) generally obscured (hidden/unclear/neglected) by chatter (unimportant matters talk) and routine.

We travel, then, in search of both self and anonymity (गुमनामी) - and, of course, in finding the one we apprehend (understand) the other. Abroad, we are wonderfully free of caste and job and standing ( position, status, or reputation); we are, as Hazlitt (William Hazlitt, British essayist) puts (says) it, just the “gentlemen in the parlour,” (by Somerset Maugham, journey from Burma to Vietnam. ) and people cannot put a name or tag to us. And precisely (exactly) because we are clarified (clear (a statement or situation) not confused) in this way, and freed of inessential labels, we have the opportunity to come into contact with more essential parts of ourselves (which may begin to explain why we may feel most alive when far from home).

Abroad is the place where we stay up (in bed/sleep) late उशिरापर्यंत जागे राहणे, follow impulse (desire/inspiration) and find ourselves as wide open (free) as when we are in love. We live without a past or future, for a moment at least, and are ourselves up for grabs (attract the attention of) and open to interpretation (Understanding). We even may become mysterious (difficult to understand, explain)-to others, at first, and sometimes to ourselves -and, as no less a dignitary (notable/worthy) than Oliver Cromwell once noted, “A man never goes so far as when he doesn’t know where he is going.”

There are, of course, great dangers to this, as to every kind of freedom, but the great promise of it is that, travelling, we are born again, and able to return at moments to a younger and a more open kind of self. Travelling is a way to reverse (move backwards:) time, to a small extent, and make a day last a year-or at least 45 hours-and travelling is an easy way of surrounding (transforming) ourselves, as in childhood, with what we cannot understand. Language facilitates this cracking (excellently) open (a new way), for when we go to France, we often migrate to French, and the more childlike self, simple and polite, that speaking a foreign language educes (शिक्षित करते conclude/understand from evidence and reasoning rather than from detail statements). Even when I’m not speaking pidgin (grammatically simple/local)English in Hanoi(the capital of Vietnam, , situated on the Red River in the north of the country;), I’m (feel) simplified in a positive way and concerned(worried) not with expressing myself, but simply making sense. (realizing)

So travel, for many of us, is a quest for not just the unknown, but the unknowing; I, at least, travel in search of an innocent eye (unknown things to me) that can return me to a more innocent self (make me unknown). I tend (like go or move) to believe more abroad than I do at home (which, though treacherous (bad) again, can at least help me to extend my vision), and I tend (feel) to be more easily excited abroad, and even kinder. And since no one I meet can “place” (where do I live/ know about) me -no one can fix (decide about) me in my risumi (A brief account of one's professional or work experience and qualifications) – I can remake myself for better, as well as, of course, for worse (evil) if travel is notoriously (famous for bad) a cradle (hold) for false identities, it can also, at its best, be a crucible (a situation of severe trial) for truer ones). In this way, travel can be a kind of monasticism (relating to monks, nuns, or others living under religious vows) on the move: On the road, we often live more simply (even when staying in a luxury hotel), with no more possessions (things/ lugged) than we can carry, and surrendering (adjust in the condition) ourselves to chance.

This is what Camus (Albert Camus French writer who portrayed the human condition as isolated in an absurd world ) meant when he said that “what gives value to travel is fear”- disruption (disturbance or problems), in other words, (or emancipation/ setting free) from circumstance (condition) , and all the habits behind which we hide. And that is why many of us travel not in search of answers, but of better questions. I, like many people, tend

(like) to ask questions of the places I visit, and relish (स्वाद/great enjoy) most the ones that ask the most searching questions back of me: “The ideal travel book,” Christopher Isherwood once said, “should be perhaps a little like a crime story in which you’re in search of something.” And it’s the best kind of something, I would add, if it’s one that you can never quite find.

I remember, in fact, after my first trips to Southeast Asia, more than a decade (ten) ago, how I would come back to my apartment in New York, and lie in my bed, kept up by something more than jet lag (extreme tiredness), playing back (remembering), in my memory, over and over, all that I had experienced, and paging (look through the pages of ) wistfully (interestingly) though my photographs and reading and re-reading my diaries, as if to extract (get/ come to know) some mystery from them. Anyone witnessing (look) this strange scene would have drawn (come to/ think) the right conclusion: I was in love.

When we go abroad is that we are objects (a person) of scrutiny(जाच के पात्र ) (छानबीन / critical investigation) as much as the people we scrutinize (carefully study/ जिंकी हम जाच कर रहे होते है), and we are being consumed (used up) by the cultures we consume (use), as much on the road as when we are at home. At the very least, we are objects of speculation (आकर्षण का केंद्र /guesswork) (and even desire) who can seem as exotic (नये new/originating in) to the people around us as they do to us.

All, in that sense, believed in “being moved” as one of the points of taking trips, and “being transported” by private as well as public means; all saw that “ecstasy” (परमानंद/great happiness or joyful excitement) (“ex-stasis”) tells us that our highest moments come when we’re not stationary (motionless), and that epiphany(feeling एहसास) can follow movement as much as it precipitates (become reason) it.

When you go to a McDonald’s outlet in Kyoto(japan), you will find Teriyaki (a Japanese dish consisting of fish or meat marinated in soy sauce and grilled) McBurgers and Bacon (बेकन / preserved meat from the back or sides of a pig) Potato Pies. The placemats (a small mat underneath a person's dining plate) offer maps of the great temples of the city, and the posters all around broadcast the wonders of San Francisco (USA). And-most crucial (important) of all-the young people eating their Big Macs, with baseball caps (a cotton cap of a kind originally worn by baseball players) worn backwards, and tight 501 jeans, are still utterly and inalienably (enali enably/ absolute) Japanese in the way they move (walk), they nod(raise one's head slightly/ इशारा), they sip their Oolong teas (Chinese tea ) - and never to be mistaken (by mistake we can not consider them for the patrons (customer) of a McDonald’s outlet in Rio (Brazil /from river), Morocco or Managua (the capital of Nicaragua). These days a whole new realm (area) of exotica (interesting objects) arises out of the way one culture colours and appropriates the products of another.

The other factor complicating and exciting all of this is people, who are, more and more, themselves as many- tongued (languages) and mongrel (a person of mixed breed) as cities like Sydney or Toronto or Hong Kong. I am, in many ways, an increasingly typical specimen (sample/example), if only because I was born, as the son of Indian parents, in England, moved to America at 7 and cannot really call myself an Indian, an American or an Englishman. I was, in short, a traveler at birth, for whom even a visit to the candy store was a trip through a foreign world where no one I saw quite matched my parents’ inheritance, or my own. Besides, even those who don’t move around the world find the world moving more and more around them. Walk just six blocks, in Queens (city, a part of New York) or Berkeley(बकली/a city in western California, a campus of the University of California), and you’re travelling through several cultures in as many minutes; get into a cab outside the White House, and you’re often in a piece of Addis Ababa (the capital of Ethiopia). And technology, too, compounds (bring together) this (sometimes deceptive/ misleading) sense of availability (technology is giving an appearance or impression different from the true one or misleading us), so that many people feel they can travel around the world without leaving the room-through cyberspace or CD-ROMs, videos and virtual travel. There are many challenges in this, of course, in what it says about essential notions (ideas) of family and community and loyalty (honesty), and in the worry that air-conditioned, purely synthetic versions of places may replace the real thing- not to mention the fact that the world seems increasingly in flux (continuous changing), a moving target quicker than our notions(ideas) of it. But there is, for the traveler at least, the sense that learning about home and learning about a foreign world can be one and the same thing.

All of us feel this from the cradle (holding ideas), and know, in some sense, that all the significant movement we ever take is internal. We travel when we see a movie, strike (make/ of a thought or idea come into the mind) up a new friendship, get held up (keep).
Novels are often journeys as much as a travel books are fictions (literature in the form of prose that describes imaginary events and people); and though this has been true since at least as long ago as Sir John Mandeville’s colourful 14th century accounts (writing) of a Far East he’d never visited, it’s an even more shadowy (of uncertain identity or not clear) distinction now, as genre distinctions join other borders in collapsing.

Travel, then, is a voyage into that famously subjective zone, the imagination, and what the traveler brings back is - and has to be - an ineffable (too great to be described in words) compound of himself and the place, what’s really there and what’s only in him. And since travel is, in a sense, about the conspiracy of perception and imagination, the two great travel writers, for me, to whom I constantly return are Emerson and Thoreau /thro (Henry David Thoreau) (the one who famously advised that “travelling is a fool’s paradise,” and the other who “traveled a good deal in Concord” (सुसंवाद)). Both of them insist on the fact that reality is our creation, and that we invent the places we see as much as we do the books that we read. What we find outside ourselves has to be inside ourselves for us to find it. Or, as Sir Thomas Browne sagely put it, “We carry within us the wonders we seek without us. There is Africa and her prodigies (exceptional qualities or abilities/ प्रतिभा) in us.”

So, if more and more of us have to carry our sense of home inside us, we also - Emerson and Thoreau remind us-have to carry with us our sense of destination. The most valuable Pacifics we explore will always be the vast expanses within us, and the most important Northwest Crossings the thresholds we cross in the heart. The virtue of finding a gilded pavilion in Kyoto is that it allows you to take back a more lasting, private Golden Temple to your office in Rockefeller Center.

And even as the world seems to grow more exhausted(tired), our travels do not, and some of the finest travel books in recent years have been those that undertake a parallel journey, matching the physical steps of a pilgrimage with the metaphysical (आध्यात्मिक) steps of a questioning (as in Peter Matthiessen’s great “The Snow Leopard”), or chronicling (record) a trip to the farthest reaches of human strangeness (as in Oliver Sacks’ “Island of the Color-Blind,” which features a journey not just to a remote atoll in the Pacific, but to a realm where people actually see light differently). The most distant shores, we are constantly reminded, lie within the person asleep at our side.

So travel, at heart (by heart), is just a quick way to keeping (making) our minds mobile (movable/active) and awake. As Santayana (सांतायाना), the heir to Emerson and Thoreau with whom I began(this writing/essay), wrote, “There is wisdom in turning (changing possibly) as often as possible from the familiar to the unfamiliar; it keeps the mind nimble (active); it kills prejudice (opinion in advance/पूर्वग्रह/bad thinking), and it fosters (develop /create) humour (comedyहास्य).” Romantic poets (Who originated an artistic, literary, musical and intellectual movement in Europe towards the end of the 18th century.) inaugurated (begin or introduce, शुभारंभ) an era (युग,दौर, a long and distinct period of history) of travel because they were the great apostles (supporter of a particular policy or idea promoter) of open eyes (openly). Buddhist monks (mank, भिक्षु, साधु) are often vagabonds(traveller), in part because they believe in wakefulness (activeness). And if travel is like love, it is, in the end, mostly because it’s a heightened (give hight) state of awareness (जागरूकता), in which we are mindful (सावधान conscious or aware of), receptive (willing to accept new suggestions and ideas/ग्रहणशील), undimmed (मंद) by familiarity (आत्मीयता) and ready to be transformed. That is why the best trips, like the best love affairs, never really end.

Brainstorming (Questions and Answers.)

A1. (A1) Read the first two paragraphs and discuss the need to travel.
Ans: We travel first to escape from our daily lives and then to rediscover ourselves. Travel opens our hearts and minds and we learn more about the world than we can through news. Due to traveling we share what little we know about other cultures. Travel also makes us feel young again. It slows time down and helps us to experience life a new. As philosopher George Santayana said, we sometimes need to escape from the daily routine to refresh our lives, face challenges, and sharpen our sense of purpose and brings new experiences to help us feel alive.

(A2) (i) Read the sentence ‘If a diploma can famously in -------- cultural relativism.’ (If a diploma can famously be a passport, a passport can be a diploma.)
Pick the sentence which gives the meaning of the above statement from the alternatives given below.

(a) A diploma certificate can be used as a passport and a passport can be used as a diploma certificate.
(b) If one has a diploma, he does not need a passport and if he has a passport, he does not need a diploma.
(c) One can acquire permission to travel to foreign countries for educational purposes Based on her academic achievements and travelling to foreign countries enriches one the most regarding the knowledge and wisdom of the world.
Ans: (c) One can acquire permission to travel to foreign countries for educational purposes based on her academic achievements and travelling to foreign countries enriches one the most regarding the knowledge and wisdom of the world.

(ii) Prepare a list of the litterateurs and their quotations mentioned by the writer in the essay.

Ans:
Litterateurs
Quotations
Sir Thomas Browne
1] "We carry within us the wonders we seek without us.
2] There is Africa and her prodigies in us."
Henry David Thoreau
“Travelling is a fool's paradise."
Ralph Waldo Emerson
1] “The reality is our creation and that we invent places
2] we see as much as we do the books that we read."
Christopher Isherwood
“The ideal travel book should be perhaps a little like a crime story in which you are in search of something."
Albert Camus:
"What gives value to travel is fear."
Oliver Cromwell
"A man never goes so far as when he doesn't know where he is going."
Hazlitt
1] We travel, then, in search of both self and anonymity - and, of course, in finding the one we apprehend the other.
2] Abroad, we are wonderfully free of caste and job and standing; we are just the “gentlemen in the parlour,” and people cannot put a name or tag to us.
Proust
"The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeing new places but in seeing with new eyes.”
George Santayana
1] "We need sometimes to escape into open solitudes into aimlessness into the moral holiday of running some pure hazard, in order to sharpen the edge of life, to taste hardship, and to be compelled to work desperately for a moment at no matter what."
2]  “There is wisdom in turning as often as possible from the familiar to the unfamiliar; it keeps the mind nimble it kills prejudice and it fosters humour" 

(iii) ‘The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeing new places but in seeing with new eyes.’ - Marcel Proust. Justify with the help of the text.
Ans: Marcel Proust's says "The real voyage of exploration consists not only visiting new places, but in having new eyes, new energy or new interest, " It is a valuable way to look at places with a new interest.  A new place may feel exciting, fresh, wonderful, with many details to notice, full of new experiences and beautiful cultures. We learn and grow our knowledge by visiting new things like art, dance, cities, food and people. Yet we can feel our own internal changes by returning to familiar past experiences.

(iv) Read the third paragraph and find the difference between a tourist and a traveler as revealed through the complaints made by them.
Ans: The only difference could probably be between Traveller and Tourist can be said.
1] Travelers are the people who leave their assumptions at home have a fresh approach to new places and new people and
2] Tourists ate those people who carry with them a lot of ideas or notions about the places.
3] A tourist complains: Nothing here is the way it is at home.
4] While a traveler complains: Everything here is the same as in Cairo or Cuzco or Kathmandu.

(v) Write four sentences with the help of the text conveying the fact that travelling brings together the various cultures of the different parts of the world.
Ans:

(a) We travel then, in part just to shake up (a complete change) our complacencies (कम्प्लेसन्सी /self-satisfaction) by seeing all the moral and political urgencies, the life-and-death dilemmas that we seldom have to face at home.
(b) "Everything here is the same as it is in Cairo or Cuzco or Kathmandu." It's all very much the same.
(c) Travel is the best way we have of rescuing humanity of places and saving them from abstraction and ideology.
(d) And in the process, we also get saved from abstraction ourselves and come to see how much we can bring to the places we visit and how much we can become a kind of carrier pigeon-an anti-Federal Express, if you like - in transporting back and forth what every culture needs.

(vi) By quoting Camus, the writer has stated that travelling emancipates us from circumstances and all the habits behind which we hide. Write in detail your views about that.
Ans:
Camus suggests here that traveling makes us free from the limitations of our circumstances and daily habits that often controls us. When we travel, we change our routines and comfort zones, exposing ourselves to new environments, cultures, and ideas and we break away from the roles and identities we maintain at home. It encourages us to face the unfamiliar qualities which we hide behind us and encourages personal growth and a deeper understanding of both the world and our place within it.

(vii) Complete the following web chart showing difference Between "Tourists" and "Travelers"

(A3)(i) Read the following groups of words from the text.

Words crooked, censored and impoverished in group ‘A’ describe the nouns ‘angle’, ‘limits’ and ‘places’ respectively. They are past participles of the verbs ‘crook’, ‘censor’ and 'impoverish’. But in the sentences, they act as adjectives. Similarly, in group ‘B’ words-walking, living and searching are the present participles (‘ing’ forms) of the verbs-walk, live and search. But in the above examples they function as adjectives.

Discuss in pairs and make list of some more adjectives like this and make sentences using them.
Ans:
(a) He took a gardening class at the community centre. Here gardening' is present participle and class is a noun.
(b) The dyed fibric should not be washed in hot water. Here dyed' is past participle and 'fabric' is a noun.
(c) The winning athlete gets a trophy. Here winning is present participle and athlete' is a noun
(d) The dish which I ordered had a burnt garlic flavor. Here burnt is past participle and garlic is a noun.
e) The virtue of finding a gilded pavilion in Kyoto is that it allows you to take back a more lasting, private Golden Temple to your office in Rockefeller Center. Here gilded is past participle and pavilion is a noun.

(ii) The verbs in bold letters are made up of a verb and a small adverb. (adverb particle. Adverb particles are not the same as prepositions.). For example, shake (verb) + up (adverb). These are called "phrasal verbs". The meaning of a phrasal verb may be idiomatic-different from the meanings of the two separate words.
Read carefully the following sentences from the text and underline the phrasal verbs.

(a) We travel, then, in part just to shake up our complacencies. कम्प्लेसन्सी
(b) Abroad is the place where we stay up late.
(c) I remember, in fact, after my first trip to Southeast Asia, more than a decade ago. how I would come back to my apartment in New York.
(d) All, in that sense, believed in, “being moved”…..
(e) But there is, for the traveler at least, the sense that learning about home and ……

(A4) (i) The words in bold type show to+ verb form. These are infinitives. An infinitive is the base form of the verb. Infinitive is formed from a verb but it does not act as verbs because an infinitive is not a verb; 's', 'es', or 'ing' cannot be added to that.
However, sometimes infinitives may occur without „to‟. For example, Thus even as holidays help you appreciate your own home more –….. In this sentence, though „to‟ is skipped off, „appreciate‟ acts as an infinitive‟.

Read the following sentences carefully from the text and find out the infinitives.
(a) We travel, initially, to lose ourselves; and we travel, next, to find ourselves.
Ans: to lose, to find
(b) We travel to bring what little we can ….. Ans: to bring
(c) Yet one of the subtler beauties of travel is that it enables you to bring new eyes to the people you encounter.
Ans: to bring
(ii) Combine two sentences into one. You may use the word given in the brackets.
(a) I go to Iceland. I visit the lunar spaces within me. (to) Ans: I go to Iceland to visit the lunar spaces within me.
(b) We have the opportunity. We come into contact with more essential parts of ourselves. (of)
Ans: We have the opportunity of coming into contact with more essential parts of ourselves
(c) Romantic poets inaugurated an era of travel. They were great apostles of open eyes. (being)
Ans: Romantic poets inaugurated an era of travel being great apostles of open eyes.
(d) The travel spins us around. It shows us the sights and values ordinarily ignored. (showing)
Ans: The travel spins us around showing us the sights and values ordinarily ignored.
(iii) Read the sentences given below and state whether the underlined words are gerunds or present participles.
(a) As it's a hot day, many people are swimming Ans: Gerund
(b) This is a swimming pool.
Ans: Present Participle
(c) It's very bad that children are begging.
Ans: Gerund
(d) Begging is a curse on humanity.
Ans: Gerund

Online Test

 

#1. Why do we initially travel, according to the passage?

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#2. What is one reason we travel, as per the passage?

#3. The passage suggests that newspapers cannot give detail information of?

#4. We travel to experience -----------

#5. What does George Santayana describe travel as in his essay?

#6. Travel is related to ---------------------

#7. What is considered the first great joy of traveling for the author?

#8. What is the result of feeling without seeing, according to the passage?

#9. What effect does travel have on time, according to the passage?

#10. What does the author say travel helps us do, like young fools?

#11. The passage suggests that newspapers fully capture the richness of the world.

#12. The word “travail” has no connection to travel in the passage.

#13. Travel helps us achieve a better balance of wisdom and compassion.

#14. Seeing without feeling is described as caring in the passage. Answer: False

#15. The passage suggests that travel helps us rediscover ourselves.

#16. The passage suggests that we leave our beliefs at home while traveling.

#17. What metaphor is used to describe travel in the passage?

#18. How does the author describe the relationship between travel and newspapers?

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Personal Response

1] Why do people travel?
Ans: People travel for various reasons, including leisure and recreation, adventure, exploring new cultures and communities, personal growth and self-discovery, education and learning, and work or business.

2] What are the benefits of travel?
Ans: Travel offers a wide range of benefits, including the opportunity to experience new and different cultures, gain exposure to new perspectives and ways of life, learn new languages and develop communication skills, improve physical and mental health, and build memories and relationships that can last a lifetime.

3] How does travel affect personal growth?
Ans: Travel can have a significant impact on personal growth by challenging one's comfort zone, providing new experiences and perspectives, building confidence, and fostering independence and self-reliance. It can also help individuals discover new interests, talents, and passions, as well as broaden their understanding of the world and their place in it.

4] What are some of the challenges of travel?
Some of the challenges of travel include language barriers, navigating unfamiliar environments, cultural differences, financial constraints, and health and safety concerns. Additionally, travel can also be stressful and time-consuming, and may involve dealing with issues such as jet lag, illness, and homesickness.

5] What is the purpose of traveling?
Ans: The purpose of traveling varies from person to person, but some common reasons include seeking new experiences, making memories, taking a break from daily routines, exploring new cultures, visiting friends and family, or pursuing personal or professional goals.

6] Why is traveling important for mental health?
Ans: Traveling can have a positive impact on mental health by reducing stress, promoting relaxation, and providing a break from daily routine. It can also provide new experiences and perspectives that can broaden one's understanding of the world and improve their overall well-being.

7] How does travel impact the economy?
Ans: Travel can have a significant impact on the economy, both in terms of direct spending by travelers and indirect effects such as job creation and increased economic activity in the tourism industry. Travel also generates significant tax revenues for local communities, and can contribute to the development of new businesses and industries.

8] Why is cultural exchange important through travel?
Ans: Cultural exchange through travel is important because it allows individuals to gain exposure to new cultures, beliefs, and ways of life. It can broaden perspectives, challenge prejudices, and promote understanding and tolerance. Cultural exchange can also foster economic, political, and social connections, leading to a more connected and harmonious world.

9] How does traveling bring people together?
Ans: Traveling can bring people together by providing opportunities for shared experiences, fostering new relationships, and promoting understanding and tolerance among different cultures and communities. Traveling can also provide a sense of common purpose and can help to break down barriers and build bridges between people from different backgrounds.

10] What is the impact of travel on the environment?
Ans: Travel can have both positive and negative impacts on the environment, depending on how it is managed and sustained. For example, eco-tourism can help to protect and preserve natural habitats, while mass tourism can result in environmental degradation and overcrowding. Travelers can minimize their environmental impact by choosing sustainable travel options, such as low-carbon transportation and eco-friendly accommodations.

11] Why is solo travel important?
Ans: Solo travel can be important for personal growth, self-discovery, and building confidence. It provides the opportunity to travel at one's own pace, make decisions independently, and experience new places and cultures on one's own terms. Solo travel can also help individuals break out of their comfort zones, learn to rely on themselves, and gain a greater sense of independence and self-reliance.

12] What are some of the benefits of group travel?
Ans: Group travel provides the opportunity to share experiences and make new friends, as well as benefit from the support and camaraderie of a shared travel experience. Group travel can also make travel more accessible and affordable, as it often involves shared costs for transportation and accommodations. Group travel can also help to reduce the stress and uncertainty of traveling, and provide a sense of security and companionship for those who might otherwise travel alone.

13] What are some tips for sustainable travel?
Ans: Some tips for sustainable travel include choosing low-carbon transportation options, such as trains, buses, or electric vehicles, whenever possible. Additionally, travelers can choose eco-friendly accommodations, such as sustainable hotels or homestays, and support local communities by eating at local restaurants and purchasing locally-made products. Travelers can also minimize waste by avoiding single-use plastics, and by supporting conservation efforts in the places they visit.

14] What is religious travel?
Ans: Religious travel refers to travel for the purpose of experiencing or exploring religious sites, events, or practices, and connecting with one's faith and spirituality.

15] What are some popular religious destinations for travelers?
Ans: Some popular religious destinations for travelers include the Vatican City (Catholicism), Jerusalem (Judaism, Christianity, Islam), Mecca (Islam), Varanasi (Hinduism), and Bodh Gaya (Buddhism).

16] What is the significance of the Vatican City for Catholic pilgrims?
Ans: The Vatican City is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church and the residence of the Pope. For Catholic pilgrims, visiting the Vatican can be a spiritual and cultural experience, as they can see significant religious landmarks such as St. Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel, and connect with other members of their faith.

17] What are some common activities for religious travelers?
Ans: Common activities for religious travelers include visiting religious sites, participating in religious ceremonies and events, attending worship services, and engaging in spiritual reflection and practices.

18] What is Buddhist travel?
Ans: Buddhist travel refers to travel for the purpose of visiting significant Buddhist sites, learning about Buddhist teachings and practices, and connecting with the Buddhist community.

19] What are some popular Buddhist destinations for travelers?
Ans: Some popular Buddhist destinations for travelers include Bodh Gaya (India), where the Buddha attained enlightenment; Lumbini (Nepal), where the Buddha was born; Sarnath (India), where the Buddha delivered his first sermon; and Dambulla (Sri Lanka), home to a UNESCO World Heritage Site of cave temples.

20] What is the significance of Bodh Gaya for Buddhist pilgrims?
Ans: Bodh Gaya is considered one of the most important pilgrimage sites for Buddhists, as it is believed to be the location where the Buddha attained enlightenment. Pilgrims come to meditate, offer prayers, and participate in other spiritual practices at the Mahabodhi Temple, which marks the spot where the Buddha is said to have achieved enlightenment.

21] What are some common activities for Buddhist travelers?
Ans: Common activities for Buddhist travelers include visiting Buddhist temples and pilgrimage sites, participating in meditation and mindfulness practices, learning about Buddhist teachings and history, and visiting local communities to meet and interact with Buddhists.

22] How does Buddhist travel promote mindfulness and personal growth?
Ans: Buddhist travel can promote mindfulness and personal growth by providing opportunities for spiritual reflection, meditation, and learning about Buddhist teachings. Traveling to Buddhist sites can also help deepen one's connection to the Buddhist community and foster a sense of connection and compassion.

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Isha Milind Deshpande
Isha Milind Deshpande
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Shubham Raut
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Arsod sir is the best teacher for class 12, English. Arsod English classes provide perfect notes as well as clear personal doubts . every week or after topic completion, Sir takes the test and gives suggestions for improvement of answer. Arsod sir's teaching methods is nice. I not only improved my English skills but also developed a genuine love for the subject. Highly recommended!
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